Opioid misuse is currently one of the major contributors to overdose deaths in the U.S., making up approximately 70% of deaths. Since 2013, a large portion of these overdose cases has involved synthetic opioids such as Tramadol and Fentanyl, both prescribed or illicitly manufactured according to the CDC.
Opioid Use Disorder
Opioid use disorder refers to an addiction to opioids. Addiction is defined as an irresistible craving for opioids, the continued use of opioids even when they are no longer medically necessary, or the misuse of opioids. Anyone who takes opioids is at risk for developing addiction due to the habit-forming nature of the drugs.
People Affected
Risk Factors
Taking prescription opioids, or using them recreationally, is the main risk factor for developing an addiction to them. Others factors can also contribute to a higher risk of addiction, such as:
Family history of addiction
Mental health disorders
Peer pressure
Lack of a strong support system
Early use
Signs & Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of opioid addiction and misuse include:
Reduced sense of pain
Agitation, drowsiness, sedation
Slurred speech
Difficulty focusing and remembering
Constricted pupils
Lack of awareness
Coordination problems
Depression
Confusion
Constipation
Runny nose
Nose sores (if snorting drugs)
Needle marks (if injecting drugs)
Medical Experts
Psychiatrist: Psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in mental health disorders, which include substance abuse such as opioid use disorder.
Psychologist: Psychologists are licensed counselors who may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of opioid addiction alongside a psychiatrist.
Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor: Certified alcohol and drug counselors specialize in addiction counseling, education, and support. They may serve a supplementary role alongside a psychiatrist as well.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of addiction typically requires a thorough evaluation by a psychiatrist, psychologist, or licensed alcohol and drug counselor. Blood, urine, and lab tests may be used in conjunction with this assessment.
Prescription Treatment
There are a variety of prescription medications that can help reduce physical dependence on opioids, reduce withdrawal symptoms, and increase safety in case of overdose. Called opioid partial agonists, these drugs cause a weaker version of the euphoria or respiratory depression you might feel when taking full opioid agonists (such as methadone or heroin). This means they have a lower potential for abuse.
Suboxone
Revia
Vivitrol